Display apparatus

ABSTRACT

A display apparatus includes a backlight source, a privacy filter disposed on the backlight source, a light adjusting panel disposed on the privacy filter, and a display panel disposed on the light adjusting panel. The light adjusting panel includes a first substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first vertical alignment film disposed on the first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, a second vertical alignment film disposed on the second substrate, and a positive liquid crystal layer disposed between the first vertical alignment film and the second vertical alignment film. The first electrode and the second electrode are disposed on the first substrate. Here, the first electrode has a plurality of first slits, and a plurality of orthogonal projections of the first slits on the first substrate overlap an orthogonal projection of the second electrode on the first substrate.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation application of and claims thepriority benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/999,071, filed on Aug.21, 2020, now allowed, which claims the priority benefit of Taiwanpatent application serial no. 109106705, filed on Mar. 2, 2020. Theentirety of each of the above-mentioned patent applications is herebyincorporated by reference here and made a part of this specification.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The disclosure relates to a photoelectric device, and in particular to adisplay apparatus.

Description of Related Art

Existing display apparatuses have advantages of light weight,compactness, and energy efficiency and have been widely applied invarious electronic products, such as televisions, desktop PCs, smartphones, notebook computers, and tablet PCs. With the development ofdisplay technologies and the public concerns about privacy, privacyfiltering technologies of the display apparatus has drawn more and moreattention, and thus research and development personnel spares no effortto develop the privacy filtering technologies.

In order to be adapted to different occasions, the display apparatus isrequired to switch between a privacy mode and a sharing mode. Generally,the display apparatus achieves said switching function by means of aninternal tunable scattering film. However, the current manufacturingprocess of the tunable scattering film process is complicated and isunreliable.

SUMMARY

The disclosure provides a display apparatus with favorable performanceand reliability.

According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a display apparatusincludes a backlight source, a privacy filter, a light adjusting panel,and a display panel. The privacy filter is disposed on the backlightsource. The light adjusting panel is disposed on the privacy filter. Thedisplay panel is disposed on the light adjusting panel. The lightadjusting panel includes a first substrate, a first electrode, a secondelectrode, a first vertical alignment film, a second substrate, a secondvertical alignment film, and a positive liquid crystal layer. The firstelectrode and the second electrode are disposed on the first substrate,wherein the first electrode has a plurality of first slits, and aplurality of orthogonal projections of the first slits on the firstsubstrate overlap an orthogonal projection of the second electrode onthe first substrate. The first vertical alignment film is disposed onfirst substrate. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the firstsubstrate. The second vertical alignment film is disposed on secondsubstrate. The positive liquid crystal layer is disposed between thefirst vertical alignment film and the second vertical alignment film.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the privacy filter has a pluralityof light blocking structures separated from each other, the firstelectrode of the light adjusting panel has a plurality of first branchesthat define the first slits, an angle between one of the light blockingstructures of the privacy filter and one of the first branches of thefirst electrode of the light adjusting panel is α, and 0°≤α≤45°.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the display panel includes anon-self-luminous display medium layer and a polarizer that is disposedbetween the non-self-luminous display medium layer of the display paneland the positive liquid crystal layer of the light adjusting panel. Theprivacy filter has a plurality of light blocking structures separatedfrom each other, an angle between the light blocking structure of theprivacy filter and a transmission axis of the polarizer of the displaypanel is β, and 0°≤β≤90°.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the first electrode of the lightadjusting panel has a plurality of first branches, the second electrodeof the light adjusting panel has a plurality of second branches, and thefirst branches and the second branches are alternately arranged in afirst direction. A gap exists between one of the first branches and oneof the second branches adjacent to each other. When the light adjustingpanel is enabled, a curve indicating a relation between each location ofthe positive liquid crystal layer in the first direction and anequivalent refractive index of the positive liquid crystal layer has aplurality of peaks and a valley within a distance corresponding to awidth of the gap.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, a positive liquid crystal moleculeof the positive liquid crystal layer has a bi-refractive index Δn, and0.11≤Δn≤0.25 when a temperature is at 25° C. and a wavelength is 589.3nanometers.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the positive liquid crystal layerhas a positive liquid crystal molecule; when the light adjusting panelis disabled, the display apparatus is in a privacy mode, and a long axisof the positive liquid crystal molecule is substantially perpendicularto the first substrate.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, when the light adjusting panel isenabled, the display apparatus is in a sharing mode, a potentialdifference between the first electrode and second electrode of the lightadjusting panel is ΔV, and 4V≤ΔV≤15V.

Several exemplary embodiments accompanied with figures are described indetail below to further describe the disclosure in details.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitutea part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of thedisclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain theprinciples of the disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a display apparatus 10according to a first embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light adjusting panel300 according to the first embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and anormalized brightness of the display apparatus 10 when the lightadjusting panel 300 is disabled according to the first embodiment of thedisclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and abrightness of the display apparatus 10 in a first direction x when thelight adjusting panel 300 is disabled according to the first embodimentof the disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light adjusting panel300 according to the first embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a curve VAC indicating a relation between eachlocation of a positive liquid crystal layer 370 of the light adjustingpanel 300 in FIG. 5 in the first direction x and an equivalentrefractive index of the positive liquid crystal layer 370.

FIG. 7 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and thenormalized brightness of the display apparatus 10 when the lightadjusting panel 300 is enabled according to the first embodiment of thedisclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and abrightness of the display apparatus 10 in the first direction x when thelight adjusting panel 300 is enabled according to the first embodimentof the disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between each view angle in the firstdirection x and a transmission rate of the light adjusting panel 300according to the first embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates the relationship between each view angle in thefirst direction x and a transmission rate of a light adjusting panelaccording to a comparison example.

FIG. 11 illustrates a difference between the transmission rate of thelight adjusting panel 300 of the first embodiment of the disclosure andthe transmission rate of the light adjusting panel of the comparisonexample at various view angles in the first direction x.

FIG. 12 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and anormalized brightness of a display apparatus when the light adjustingpanel is disabled according to a second embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and abrightness of the display apparatus in the first direction x when thelight adjusting panel is disabled according to the second embodiment ofthe disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and thenormalized brightness of the display apparatus when the light adjustingpanel is enabled according to the second embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and abrightness of the display apparatus in the first direction x when thelight adjusting panel is enabled according to the second embodiment ofthe disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a display apparatus 10Aaccording to a third embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light adjusting panel300A according to the third embodiment of the disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferredembodiments of the disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers areused in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or likeparts.

Directional terminology used in the embodiments, such as “top”,“bottom”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, etc., is used with referenceto the orientation of the figure(s) being described and are not intendedto be limiting of the disclosure. In the drawings, generalcharacteristics of methods, structures, and/or materials used inspecific embodiments are illustrated. However, these drawings should notbe construed to define or limit a scope or nature covered by theseembodiments. For instance, for simplicity's sake, a relative size,thickness, and location of each film layer, region, and/or structure maybe reduced or enlarged. It will be understood that when a component suchas a layer, a film, a region, or a substrate is referred to be “on” or“connected to” another component, it may be directly on or connected tothe other another component, or intermediate components may also existthere between. Comparatively, when a component is referred to be“directly on” or “directly connected” to another, none otherintermediate component exits there between. As used herein, the“connection” may refer to physical and/or electrical connection.Furthermore, “electrical connection” or “coupling” of two components mayrefer to that other components may exist between the two components.

In the embodiments listed in the disclosure, the same or similarcomponents be denoted by the same or similar reference numerals, anddescriptions thereof will be omitted. In addition, the features indifferent embodiments may be combined with each other in case of noconfliction, and simple equivalent changes and modifications madeaccording to the specification or a scope of the patent application arestill within a protection scope of the patent. Moreover, the terms“first” and “second” mentioned in the specification or the scope of thepatent application are only used to name discrete components or todistinguish different embodiments or ranges, but are not used to limitan upper limit or a lower limit of an amount of the components, and arealso not used to limit a manufacturing sequence or a setting sequence ofthe components.

“About”, “approximate”, or “substantial” used in the specificationincludes a stated value and an average value within an acceptabledeviation range from a specific value determined by those with ordinaryskills in the art while considering the discussed measurement and aspecific number of errors associated with the measurement (i.e. limitsof a measurement system) For instance, “about” may represent to bewithin one or more standard deviations of the stated value, or within±30%, ±20%, ±10%, and ±5%. Moreover, an acceptable deviation range orstandard deviation may be selected for the “about”, “approximate” or“substantial” used in the specification based on optical properties,etching properties, or other properties without using one standarddeviation for all properties.

FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a display apparatus 10according to a first embodiment of the disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 1, the display apparatus 10 includes a backlightsource 100, a privacy filter 200 disposed on the backlight source 100, alight adjusting panel 300 disposed on the privacy filter 200, and adisplay panel 400 disposed on the light adjusting panel 300.

The backlight source 100 is configured to emit an illumination beam (notshown). After the illumination beam passes through the privacy filter200, the divergence degree of the illumination beam decreases, i.e., thecollimation degree of the illumination beam increases. The backlightsource 100 and the privacy filter 200 may constitute a collimatedbacklight module.

For instance, in the embodiment, the backlight source 100 may be aplanar light source, and the planar light source may include a pluralityof components, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), light guide plates,and optical films, which should however not be construed as a limitationin the disclosure.

For instance, in the embodiment, the privacy filter 200 includes aprivacy structure layer which has a plurality of light blockingstructures 210 and a plurality of transparent materials 220. The lightblocking structures 210 and the transparent materials 220 arealternately arranged in a first direction x, and one of the transparentmaterial 220 s is provided between two adjacent light blockingstructures 210 to separate the light blocking structures 210. In theembodiment, each of the light blocking structures 210 may be a columnarstructure extending in a second direction y, where the first direction xand the second direction y are interlaced with each other. However, thedisclosure is not limited thereto, and in other embodiments, the privacyfilter 200 may have a different structure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light adjusting panel300 according to the first embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 2 corresponds to a line segment A-A′ in FIG. 1. A first verticalalignment film 340 and a second vertical alignment film 360 in FIG. 2are omitted in FIG. 1.

With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the light adjusting panel 300 isdisposed on the privacy filter 200. The light adjusting panel 300includes a first substrate 310. The first substrate 310 is a transparentsubstrate. For instance, in the embodiment, a material of the firstsubstrate 310 may be glass, quartz, an organic polymer, or any otherappropriate material.

The light adjusting panel 300 also includes a first electrode 320 and asecond electrode 330 that are disposed on the first substrate 310. Thefirst electrode 320 has a plurality of first slits 320 a, and aplurality of orthogonal projections of the first slits 320 a on thefirst substrate 310 overlap an orthogonal projection of the secondelectrode 330 on the first substrate 310.

For instance, in the embodiment, the first electrode 320 has a pluralityof first branches 322 that define the first slits 320 a, and the secondelectrode 330 has a plurality of second branches 332, and the firstbranches 322 and the second branches 332 are alternately arranged in thefirst direction x and extend in the second direction y. An orthogonalprojection of one of the first slits 320 a defined by two adjacent firstbranches 322 on the first substrate 310 overlaps an orthogonalprojection of one of the second branches 332 on the first substrate 310.In the embodiment, the first branches 322 and the second branches 332may be substantially disposed on the same surface, which should howevernot be construed as a limitation in the disclosure.

In the embodiment, a plurality of gaps S (shown in FIG. 2) exist betweenthe first branches 322 and the second branches 332, and each of the gapsS is located between one of the first branches 322 and one of the secondbranches 332 adjacent to each other. For instance, in the embodiment, awidth W1 of the first branch 322 in the first direction x and a width W2of the second branch 332 in the first direction x may be substantiallythe same, and widths Ws of the gaps S in the first direction x may besubstantially the same. For instance, in the embodiment, W1=W2=3 μm, andWs=4 μm, which should however not be construed as a limitation in thedisclosure.

As shown in FIG. 1, an angle between one of the first branches 322 ofthe first electrode 320 of the light adjusting panel 300 and one of thelight blocking structures 210 of the privacy filter 200 is α (notshown), and 0°≤α≤45°, preferably 0°≤α≤10°. For instance, in theembodiment, the included angle α may be substantially 0°. That is to saythe first branch 322 of the first electrode 320 of the light adjustingpanel 300 and the light blocking structure 210 of the privacy filter 200may be substantially parallel, which should however not be construed asa limitation in the disclosure.

The first electrode 320 and the second electrode 330 are transparent.For instance, in the embodiment, a material of the first electrode 320and/or the second electrode 330 may be metal oxide, for instance: indiumtin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide,indium germanium zinc oxide, any other appropriate oxide, or a stackedlayer having at least two of the above-mentioned materials, which shouldnot be construed as a limitation in the disclosure.

As shown FIG. 2, it should be mentioned that the light adjusting panel300 further includes a first vertical alignment film 340 that isdisposed on the first substrate 310 and covers the first electrode 320and the second electrode 330. The first vertical alignment film 340 isconfigured to provide anchoring energy, so that long axes 372 a ofpositive liquid crystal molecules 372 of a positive liquid crystal layer370 near the first vertical alignment film 340 are substantiallyperpendicular to the first substrate 310.

The light adjusting panel 300 also includes a second substrate 350disposed opposite to the first substrate 310. The second substrate 350is a transparent substrate. For instance, in the embodiment, a materialof the second substrate 350 may be glass, quartz, an organic polymer, orany other appropriate material.

With reference to FIG. 2, it is worth noting that the light adjustingpanel 300 also includes a second vertical alignment film 360 that isdisposed on the second substrate 350. The second vertical alignment film360 is configured to provide anchoring energy, so that the long axes 372a of the positive liquid crystal molecules 372 of the positive liquidcrystal layer 370 near the second vertical alignment film 360 aresubstantially perpendicular to the second substrate 350.

The light adjusting panel 300 also includes the positive liquid crystallayer 370 that is disposed between the first vertical alignment film 340and the second vertical alignment film 360. For instance, in theembodiment, the positive liquid crystal molecule 372 of the positiveliquid crystal layer 370 has a hi-refractive index Δn, and when atemperature is at 25° C. and a wavelength is 589.3 nanometers,0.1≤Δn≤0.25.

As shown in FIG. 1, the display panel 400 is disposed on the lightadjusting panel 300. For instance, in the embodiment, the display panel400 includes a third substrate 410, a fourth substrate 420 disposedopposite to the third substrate 410, a non-self-luminous display mediumlayer 430 disposed between the third substrate 410 and the fourthsubstrate 420, a polarizer 440, and a polarizer 450. Here, the polarizer440 and the polarizer 450 are respectively disposed on opposite sides ofthe non-self-luminous display medium layer 430, and a transmission axis440 a of the polarizer 440 and a transmission axis 450 a of thepolarizer 450 are substantially perpendicular to each other, whichshould however not be construed as a limitation in the disclosure.

The third substrate 410 and the fourth substrate 420 of the displaypanel 400 are transparent. For instance, in the embodiment, the thirdsubstrate 410 may be a pixel array substrate, and the fourth substrate420 may be a color filter substrate, which should however not beconstrued as limitations in the disclosure. In the embodiment, thenon-self-luminous display medium layer 430 is, for instance, a liquidcrystal layer, which should however not be construed as a limitation inthe disclosure.

The polarizer 440 is disposed between the non-self-luminous displaymedium layer 430 of the display panel 400 and the positive liquidcrystal layer 370 of the light adjusting panel 300. In the embodiment,an angle between one of the light blocking structures 210 of the privacyfilter 200 and the transmission axis 440 a of the polarizer 440 of thedisplay panel 400 isβ, and 0°≤β≤90°. For instance, in the embodiment,the angle β may be substantially 90°. That is, in the embodiment, thetransmission axis 440 a of the polarizer 440 and the light blockingstructure 210 of the privacy filter 200 may be substantially vertical,and the transmission axis 440 a of the polarizer 440 and the firstbranch 322 of the first electrode 320 of the light adjusting panel 300may be substantially vertical, which should however not be construed aslimitations in the disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates that the light adjusting panel 300 is in a disabledstate.

FIG. 3 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and anormalized brightness of the display apparatus 10 when the lightadjusting panel 300 is disabled according to the first embodiment of thedisclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and abrightness of the display apparatus 10 in a first direction x when thelight adjusting panel 300 is disabled according to the first embodimentof the disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, when the light adjusting panel 300is disabled (i.e., a potential difference ΔV between the first electrode320 and the second electrode 330 is substantially 0 volt, and anelectric field between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode330 is unable to significantly tilt the long axes 372 a of the positiveliquid crystal molecules 372 down), the long axes 372 a of most of thepositive liquid crystal molecules 372 in the light adjusting panel 300are perpendicular to the first substrate 310. At this time, after theillumination beam (not shown) coming from the privacy filter 200 passesthrough the light adjusting panel 300 in the aforesaid state, thedivergence degree of the illumination beam is not excessively changed bythe light adjusting panel 300, and the illumination beam transmitted tothe display panel 400 remains relatively collimated. Thus, as shown inFIG. 3 and FIG. 4, at the view angles of −90° to −45° and 45° to 90° inthe first direction x, the brightness of the display apparatus 10 isclose to 0 nit, and the display apparatus 10 is in a privacy mode.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light adjusting panel300 according to the first embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 5 corresponds to the line segment A-A′ in FIG. 1. FIG. 5illustrates that the light adjusting panel 300 is in an enabled state.

FIG. 6 illustrates a curve VAC indicating a relation between eachlocation of the positive liquid crystal layer 370 of the light adjustingpanel 300 in FIG. 5 in the first direction x and an equivalentrefractive index of the positive liquid crystal layer 370.

FIG. 7 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and thenormalized brightness of the display apparatus 10 when the lightadjusting panel 300 is enabled according to the first embodiment of thedisclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and thebrightness of the display apparatus 10 in the first direction x when thelight adjusting panel 300 is enabled according to the first embodimentof the disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 5, and 6, when the light adjusting panel300 is enabled (i.e., the potential difference ΔV between the firstelectrode 320 and the second electrode 330 is significantly greater than0 volt, and the electric field between the first electrode 320 and thesecond electrode 330 can significantly tilt the long axes 372 a of thepositive liquid crystal molecules 372 down), the synergy of the electricfield between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 330, thefirst vertical alignment film 340, and the second vertical alignmentfilm 360 leads to a drastic change to the alignment of the positiveliquid crystal molecules 372 of the positive liquid crystal layer 370within a fairly short distance. That is to say, as shown by the curveVAC, the equivalent refractive index of the positive liquid crystallayer 370 of the light adjusting panel 300 at each location in the firstdirection x is changed drastically within a relatively short distance.At this time, after the illumination beam (not shown) coming from theprivacy filter 200 passes through the light adjusting panel 300 in theaforesaid state, the divergence degree of the illumination beam issignificantly changed by the light adjusting panel 300, so that theillumination beam transmitted to the display panel 400 becomes moredivergent 6. Thus, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, at the view angle of−90° to −45° and 45° to 90° in the first direction x, the brightness ofthe display apparatus 10 is significantly greater than 0 nit, and thedisplay apparatus 10 is in a sharing mode.

When the light adjusting panel 300 is enabled, there is a potentialdifference ΔV between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode330 of the light adjusting panel 300, and the display apparatus 10 is inthe sharing mode. For instance, in the embodiment, 4V≤ΔV≤15V, whichshould not be construed as a limitation in the disclosure.

FIG. 6 also illustrates a curve IPS indicating a relation between eachlocation of the positive liquid crystal layer of the light adjustingpanel in the first direction x and the equivalent refractive index ofthe positive liquid crystal layer according to a comparison example. Thedifference between the light adjusting panel (not shown) provided in thecomparison example and the light adjusting panel 300 depicted in FIG. 5lies in that the positive liquid crystal molecules of the lightadjusting panel provided in the comparison example are horizontallyaligned. That is, the first vertical alignment film 340 and the secondvertical alignment film 360 of the light adjusting panel 300 in FIG. 5are replaced with a first horizontal alignment film and a secondhorizontal alignment film to form the light adjusting panel provided inthe comparison example. Here, an angle between a rubbing direction ofthe first horizontal alignment film and an extension direction of thefirst branch 322 (e.g., the second direction y) may be within a rangefrom 0°-15°, and an angle between a rubbing direction of the secondhorizontal alignment film and the extension direction of the firstbranch 322 (e.g., the second direction y) may be within a range from0°-15°; that is to say, the rubbing direction of the first horizontalalignment film and the rubbing direction of the second horizontalalignment film are substantially parallel to the extension direction ofthe first branch 322 (e.g., the second direction y).

With reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, when there is a potentialdifference ΔV between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode330 of the light adjusting panel 300 provided in the embodiment have(i.e., the light adjusting panel 300 provided in the embodiment isenabled), the curve VAC of the positive liquid crystal layer 370indicates the relation between each location of the positive liquidcrystal layer 370 of the light adjusting panel 300 in the firstdirection x and the equivalent refractive index of the positive liquidcrystal layer 370 according to the embodiment; when the potentialdifference ΔV between the first electrode 320 and the second electrode330 of the light adjusting panel in the comparison example is the same,the curve IPS of the positive liquid crystal layer of the lightadjusting panel indicates the relation between each location of thepositive liquid crystal layer of the light adjusting panel in the firstdirection x and the equivalent refractive index of the positive liquidcrystal layer according to the comparison example.

With reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, compared to the light adjustingpanel provided in the comparison example, the equivalent refractiveindex of the positive liquid crystal layer 370 of the light adjustingpanel 300 provided in the embodiment at each location in the firstdirection x is changed drastically within a relatively short distance,as shown by the curve VAC in FIG. 6. For instance, the curve IPSprovided in the comparison example has only one peak and no valleywithin the distance corresponding to the width Ws of one gap S, whilethe curve VAC provided in the embodiment has a plurality of peaks andone valley within the distance corresponding to the width Ws of one gapS.

FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between each view angle in the firstdirection x and a transmission rate of the light adjusting panel 300according to the first embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates the relationship between each view angle in thefirst direction x and a transmission rate of a light adjusting panelaccording to a comparison example.

FIG. 11 illustrates a difference between the transmission rate of thelight adjusting panel 300 of the first embodiment of the disclosure andthe transmission rate of the light adjusting panel of the comparisonexample at various view angles in the first direction x.

FIG. 11 is obtained by subtracting the transmission rate at each viewangle in FIG. 10 from the transmission rate at each view angle in FIG.9.

With reference to FIG. 11, the difference in the transmission ratebetween the light adjusting panel 300 provided in the embodiment and thelight adjusting panel provided in the comparison example mainly lies inthe relatively large view angle (e.g., −45°-15° and 15°-45°). That is,when the potential difference between the first electrode 320 and thesecond electrode 330 of the light adjusting panel provided in thecomparison example and the potential difference of the first electrode320 and the second electrode 330 of the light adjusting panel 300provided in the embodiment are significantly greater than 0 and equal,the light adjusting panel 300 provided in the embodiment has a largertransmission rate at a large view angle, and the light adjusting panel300 provided in the embodiment has a better ability to diverge theillumination beam coming from the privacy filter 200 as compared tolight adjusting panel provided in the comparison example. It can beproved that the vertically aligned light adjusting panel 300 provided inthe embodiment achieves better effects of switching the displayapparatus 10 between the privacy mode and the sharing mode in comparisonwith the horizontally aligned light adjusting panel provided in thecomparison example. More importantly, the manufacturing steps of thelight adjusting panel 300 provided in the embodiment are less while thereliability is better, which is conducive to the reduction of themanufacturing cost of the display apparatus 10 and the improvement ofthe reliability of the display apparatus 10.

It should be mentioned that some descriptions and the reference numbersapplied in the embodiments below follow those provided in the previousembodiment, the same reference numbers serve to indicate the same orsimilar components, and the description of the same technical content isomitted. The description of the omitted parts may be referred to asthose provided in the previous embodiment and will not be repeatedhereinafter.

FIG. 12 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and anormalized brightness of a display apparatus when the light adjustingpanel is disabled according to a second embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and abrightness of the display apparatus in the first direction x when thelight adjusting panel is disabled according to the second embodiment ofthe disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and thenormalized. brightness of the display apparatus when the light adjustingpanel is enabled according to the second embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates the relationship between each view angle and abrightness of the display apparatus in the first direction x when thelight adjusting panel is enabled according to the second embodiment ofthe disclosure.

The display apparatus provided in the second embodiment (not shown) issimilar to the display apparatus 10 provided in the first embodiment,while the difference therebetween merely lies in that the liquid crystalcell gap d (shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5) of the light adjusting panel 300of the display apparatus 10 provided in the first embodiment is smallerthan a liquid crystal cell gap of the light adjusting panel of thedisplay apparatus provided in the second embodiment. That is, the liquidcrystal cell gap of the light adjusting panel of the display apparatusprovided in the second embodiment is larger. For instance, the liquidcrystal cell gap d (shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5) of the light adjustingpanel 300 of the display apparatus 10 provided in the first embodiment10 may be 9 μm, and the liquid crystal cell gap of the light adjustingpanel of the display apparatus provided in the second embodiment is 20μm.

With reference to FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 7, and FIG. 8 illustrating thefirst embodiment and FIG. 12 to FIG. 15 illustrating the secondembodiment, the effect of switching the display apparatus in the secondembodiment between the privacy mode and the sharing mode is better thanthe effect of switching the display apparatus 10 provided in the firstembodiment between the two modes. That is to say, when the liquidcrystal cell gap d of the light adjusting panel 300 is larger, theeffect of switching the light adjusting panel 300 between the privacymode and the sharing mode is better.

FIG. 16 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a display apparatus 10Aaccording to a third embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light adjusting panel300A according to the third embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 17 corresponds to a line segment B-B′ in FIG. 16. The firstvertical alignment film 340 and the second vertical alignment film 360in FIG. 17 are omitted in FIG. 16.

The display apparatus 10A depicted in FIG. 16 is similar to the displayapparatus 10 depicted in FIG. 1, while the difference therebetween liesin that the light adjusting panel 300A of the display apparatus 10Adepicted in FIG. 16 and the light adjusting panel 300 of the displayapparatus 10 depicted in FIG. 1.

With reference to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, specifically, in the embodiment,the second electrode 330 is a complete electrode layer, and the lightadjusting panel 300A further includes an insulation layer 380 that isdisposed on the second electrode 330, and the first branches 322 of thefirst electrode 320 are disposed on the insulation layer 380. In short,the light adjusting panel 300A provided in the embodiment is a fringefield switching (FFS) panel, and the light adjusting panel 300 providedin the first embodiment is an in-plane switching (IPS) panel.

The way to switch the display apparatus provided in the embodiment 10Ato the privacy/sharing mode is the same as or corresponds to the way toswitch the display apparatus 10 and thus will not be further describedhereinafter.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made to the disclosed embodimentwithout departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. In view ofthe foregoing, it is intended that the disclosure covers modificationsand variations provided that they fall within the scope of the followingclaims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A display apparatus, comprising: a backlightsource; a privacy filter, disposed on the backlight source and includinga plurality of light blocking structures separated from each other; alight adjusting panel, disposed on the privacy filter, wherein the lightadjusting panel comprises: a first substrate; a first electrode and asecond electrode, disposed on the first substrate, wherein the firstelectrode has a plurality of first slits, and a plurality of orthogonalprojections of the first slits on the first substrate overlap anorthogonal projection of the second electrode on the first substrate; afirst vertical alignment film, disposed on the first substrate; a secondsubstrate, disposed opposite to the first substrate; a second verticalalignment film, disposed on the second substrate; and a positive liquidcrystal layer, disposed between the first vertical alignment film andthe second vertical alignment film; and a display panel, disposed on thelight adjusting panel, wherein the display panel comprises: a thirdsubstrate: a fourth substrate disposed opposite to the third substrate;a non-self-luminous display medium layer disposed between the thirdsubstrate and the fourth substrate; and a polarizer, disposed betweenthe non-self-luminous display medium layer and the positive liquidcrystal layer of the light adjusting panel, wherein an angle between oneof the light blocking structures of the privacy filter and atransmission axis of the polarizer of the display panel is β, and0°≤β≤90°.
 2. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein theprivacy filter has a plurality of light blocking structures separatedfrom each other, the first electrode of the light adjusting panel has aplurality of first branches defining the first slits, an angle betweenone of the light blocking structures of the privacy filter and one ofthe first branches of the first electrode of the light adjusting panelis Δ, and 0°≤α≤45°.
 3. The display apparatus according to claim 2,wherein 0°<α≤10°.
 4. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein80°≤β≤90°.
 5. The display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein thefirst electrode of the light adjusting panel has a plurality of firstbranches, the second electrode of the light adjusting panel has aplurality of second branches, and the first branches and the secondbranches are alternately arranged in a first direction.
 6. The displayapparatus according to claim 5, wherein a width of the first branch inthe first direction and a width of the second branch in the firstdirection are substantially the same.
 7. The display apparatus accordingto claim 5, wherein a width of the first branch is substantially equalto 3 μm.
 8. The display apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a widthof the second branch is substantially equal to 3 μm.
 9. The displayapparatus according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of gaps existsbetween the first branches and the second branches, each of the gaps islocated between one of the first branches and one of the second branchesadjacent to each other, and widths of the gaps in the first directionare substantially the same.
 10. The display apparatus according to claim9, wherein in a case that the light adjusting panel is enabled, a curveindicating a relation between each location of the positive liquidcrystal layer in the first direction and an equivalent refractive indexof the positive liquid crystal layer has a plurality of peaks and avalley within a distance equal to the width of the gap.
 11. The displayapparatus according to claim 1, wherein a bi-refractive index of apositive liquid crystal molecule of the positive liquid crystal layer isΔn, and 0.11≤Δn≤0.25 when a temperature is at 25° C. and a wavelength is589.3 nanometers.
 12. The display apparatus according to claim 11,wherein Δn is substantially equal to 0.25.
 13. The display apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the positive liquid crystal layer has apositive liquid crystal molecule, and in a case that the light adjustingpanel is disabled, the display apparatus is in a privacy mode, and along axis of the positive liquid crystal molecule is substantiallyperpendicular to the first substrate.
 14. The display apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein in a case that the light adjusting panelis enabled, the display apparatus is in a sharing mode, a potentialdifference between the first electrode and the second electrode of thelight adjusting panel is ΔV, and 4V≤ΔV≤15V.
 15. The display apparatusaccording to claim 14, wherein 4V≤ΔV<12V.
 16. The display apparatusaccording to claim 15, wherein 7V≤ΔV≤8V.
 17. The display apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein in a case that the light adjusting panelis disabled, the display apparatus is in a privacy mode, and a firstbrightness of the display apparatus at a first view angle of 45° or −45°is close to 0 nit.
 18. The display apparatus according to claim 1,wherein in a case that the light adjusting panel is disabled, thedisplay apparatus is in a privacy mode, and a ratio of a firstbrightness of the display apparatus at a first view angle of 45° or −45°to a second brightness of the display apparatus at a second view angleof 0° is less than or equal to 1%.
 19. The display apparatus accordingto claim 1, wherein the second electrode is a complete electrode layer.20. The display apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the lightadjusting panel further includes an insulation layer disposed on thesecond electrode, and the first electrode is disposed on the insulationlayer.